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ASP.NET程= ;序设计教程

第11章<= /span>

平顶山工&#= 23398;院闫洪亮

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第11章

表11.5 Forms元素参数说明(1)

属性

选项

说明

name

指定要用于身份验= 5777;的HTTP Cookie，默认情况下，name的值是.ASPXAUTH。如果在单个服务= 2120;上正运行着多个应= 用程序并且每一应= 9992;程序均要求唯一的Cookie，则必须在每一应用程序的Web.Config文件中配置Cookie名称

loginUrl

= ;

= 指定如果没有找到= 0219;何有效的身份验证Cookie，为登录将= 请求重定向到的URL。默认值为default.aspx

Protectio= n

指定Cookie使用的加密类型(如果有)

All

= 指定应用程序同时= 0351;用数据验证和加密੖= 9;保护Cookie。该选项使用ð= 50;配置的数据验证算法= (基于<machineKey>元素)。如果三重DES(3DES)可用并且密钥足够= 8271;(48位或更多)，则使用三ŵ= 25;DES进行加密。All是默认(和建议)值

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第11章

表11.5 Forms元素参数说明(2)

Protectio= n <= /span>

None

= 指定对于将Cookie仅用于个性化并且= 0855;有较低的安全要求的站点而言，同时= 1105;用加密和验证。这਷= 9;使用.NET Framework启用个性化的占用= 6164;源最少的方式。但਷= 9;，不推荐以此方式使用Cookie

Encryption

指定使用三重DES或DES对Cookie进行加密，但不对= 5813;Cookie执行数据验证。以= 7492;方式使用的Cookie可能会受到精选的纯文本的攻= 0987;

Validation

= 指定验证方案验证= 4050;加密的Cookie的内容在转换中是= 1542;未被改变。Cookie是使用Cookie验证创建的，方式= 6159;：将验= 证密钥和Cookie数据相连接，然后= 5745;算消息身份验证代ఀ= 1;(MAC)，最后将MAC追加到输出Cookie

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第11章

4

表11.5 Forms元素参数说明(3)

timeout

=

指定以整数分钟为= 1333;位的时间量，超过ઽ= 2;时间量，Cookie将过期。默ť= 48;值是30。如果SlidingExpiration属性为true，则timeout属性是一个弹性值= 5292;以收到最后一个请૓= 4;后指定的分钟数为到期时间= 2290;为避免危及性能，ߣ= 7;及为避免向启用= Cookie警告的用户显示多= 0010;浏览器警告，在经๠= 7;了超过一半= 的指定时间后更新= 5813;Cookie。这可能导&#= 33268;精确性上的损失。<= /span>持久性Cookie不超时

path

=

为由应用程序发出= 0340;Cookie指定路径，默认值= 6159;正斜杠(/)，这是因为&#= 22823;多数浏览器是区分ä= 23;小写的，并且如果路= 径大小写不匹配，将不发= 送回Cookie

RequireSSL

=

指定是否Ƃ= 56;要安全连接来转换身= 份验证Cookie

=

true

指定必须使用安全= 6830;接来保护用户凭据Ӎ= 0;如果是true，ASP.NET为身份验证Cookie设置HttpCookie.Secure，兼容的= 浏览器不返回Cookie，并且除非连接使= 用的是安全套接字层(SSL)

= ;

false

指定在传ů= 55;Cookie时，安全连接不是= 4517;需的。默认值为= false

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第11章

5

表11.5 Forms元素参数说明(4)

= SlidingEx-piration

指定是否启用&= #24377;性过期时间。在单= 010;会话期间，弹性过期时间针&= #23545;每个请求重置当前$= 523;份验证Cookie的过期时间

true

指定启用弹性&= #36807;期时间。在单个会#= 805;期间，身份验证Cookie被刷ਫ= 2;，并且每个后续请求&= #30340;到期时间被重置。ASP.NET版本1.0的默෶= 8;值为true<= span style=3D'mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>

false

指定不启用弹&= #24615;过期时间，并指定Cookie在最初发出之后，经过&= #19968;段设定的时间间隔= 518;失效。默认值为false

      为了方便&#= 29702;解Form验证在实&#= 38469;网站中的运用，= 下面以一&#= 20010;小型的网站结构为Ë= 63;来说明相关概念。<= /span>

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第11章

6

[例11.5]

=

n

l

      建立一个C#= 的Web项目credentials(网站)<= span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; font-size:156%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>。其中包含一&#= 20010;登录页面login.asp= x，一个登&#= 24405;成功后进入的主页&#= 38754;main.aspx= 。先在其&#= 37197;置文件= Web.confi= g中输入如&#= 19979;代码：

    <authentication mode=3D"Forms">

       <= ;forms name=3D"autoWeb" loginUrl=3D"login.aspx"&= nbsp; protection=3D"All">

       </forms>

    </authentication>

     在验证用&#= 25143;时，将创建一个名È= 26;autoWeb的cookie。如果该cookie不存在，&#= 21017;用户将被重定向到login.asp= x，该页面&#= 21253;含一个让用户输入Ð= 54;证件的表单。

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第11章

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[例11.5](续1)

=

n

l

   除了forms属性外，= ;还可以使用creden= tials属性，该= ;属性提供了用于验证&#= 30340;用户名和密码定义z= 90;在creden= tials配置段中= ;，加入了user元素。它= ;包含了两个属性：name和passwo= rd，它们指= ;定了有效的用户证件&#= 12290;这里可以包含任意ă= 68;目的user元素。在= ;Web.co= nfig文件中添= ;加代码后如下，就能&#= 22815;通过Web.co= nfig来验证用= ;户的证件，而不是手&#= 24037;进行验证。

     配置段如= ;下:<= /span>

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第11章

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[例11.5](续2)

=

n

l

   <configuration&g= t;

        <system.web>

        = ;    <authentication mode-"Forms'>

        = ;        <forms name=3D"autoWeb" loginUrl=3D"login.aspx" >

        = ;            <credentials passwordFormat=3D"Clear">

        = ;            &n= bsp;   <user name=3D "aaa" password=3D"aaa"/>

        = ;            &n= bsp;   <user name=3D "bbb"&n= bsp; password=3D"bbb"/>

        = ;            </credentials>

        = ;        </forms>

        = ;    </authentication>

        </system.web>

    </configuration>= ;

       对以上代= ;码做相关说明.<= /span>并说明密= ;码散列的产生方法.<= /span>见教材.<= /span>

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第11章

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[例11.5](续3)

=

n

l

采用基于= ;Forms<= /b>的验证方= ;式，拒绝匿名用户进&#= 20837;的配置段如下：

    <configuration>=

      <security>

      <authentication mode=3D"forms">
       <= ;deny users=3D"?" /> = &#= 13;

      </authorization>

      </security>

    </configuration>= ; … =

其中，<au= thorization>一节中，= ;用deny标识表示= ;禁止某